Jeppesen Sanderson has developed the Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System to provide the finest pilot training available. Through extensive use of
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JS314500Š008 © Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc., 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 A l l Rights Reserved 5 5 Inverness Drive East, Englewood, C O 80112-5498 International Standard Book Number 0-88487-333-1 Printed i n Canada II The Jeppesen Sanderson Private Pilot Textbook, which is a c o m p o n e n t of the Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System, i s copyright protected. N o part of this publication m a y b e reproduced, stored i n a retrieval system, o r transmitted i n a n y form o r b y a n y means Š electronic or otherwise Š without the prior permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, I n c .
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This textbook could n o t have been produced without t h e tireless commitment o f the Guided Flight Discovery (GFD) team members listed below. Special thanks also is extended to the other personnel i n Jeppesen’s Aviation Courseware Development depart-ment who, although n o t directly involved in t h e creation of this text, assumed responsi-bility f o r other projects so that t h e G F D team members could fully devote their energies to t h e project. Managing Editor P a t Willits Media Productions Manager Rich Hahn Associate Editors/Primary Writers Mike Abbott L i z Kailey Technical Support Jerry Farrell Michelle Gable Judi Glenn J o n Hiles Tanya Letts George McCray Dick Snyder Chuck Stout Anthony Werner Lead Artists P a t Brogan Dean McBournie Graphic Artists Amy Aguirre Mark Bebernes Cliff Carrillo Jennifer Crowe Paul Gallaway Andy Juarez Larry Montano Rick Patterson Scott Saunders J a y Weets Photographers Dave Chance Gary Kennedy Virgil Poleschook III PRIVATE PILOT TEXTBOOK
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Welcome t o Guided Flight Discovery Jeppesen Sanderson has developed the Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System t o provide t h e finest pilot training available. Through extensive u s e o f colorful graphics, state-of-the-art computer-based training, a n d broadcast quality video, Guided Flight Discovery ensures that your training will be enjoyable a n d exciting. Guided Flight Discovery is totally different than other systems because i t s entire philosophy o f pilot training i s a departure from t h e conventional methods o f the past. Rather than just teaching facts, Guided Flight Discovery concentrates o n a n application-oriented approach t o pilot training. The comprehensive and complete system emphasizes t h e w h y and how o f aeronautical concepts when they a r e presented. A s y o u progress through your training, you will find that the revolutionary Guided Flight Discovery system leads y o u through essential aeronautical knowledge a n d exposes y o u to a variety of interesting a n d useful information which will enhance a n d expand your understand-i n g o f t h e world o f aviation. Although each element o f t h e Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System may be used separately, t h e effectiveness of t h e materials c a n b e maximized b y using a l l o f the individual components i n a systems approach. T o help y o u efficiently organize your studies and g e t t h e most out o f your training, Guided Flight Discovery incorporates cross-references which a r e used t o direct y o u to related Guided Flight Discovery study materials. T h e main components o f the Private Pilot Program a r e described below. Core Study Materials Private Pilot Textbook T h e Private Pilot Textbook i s your primary source f o r initial study and review. T h e text contains complete a n d concise explanations o f t h e fundamental concepts and ideas that every private pilot needs t o know. T h e subjects a r e organized in a logical manner t o build upon previously introduced topics. Subjects are often expanded upon through the u s e o f Discovery Insets which a r e strategically placed throughout the chapters. Periodically, human factors principles a r e presented i n Human Element Insets t o help y o u understand h o w your mind a n d body function while y o u fly. Throughout t h e textbook, concepts which directly relate t o F A A test questions a r e highlighted b y F A A Question Insets. Additionally, you can evaluate your understanding o f material introduced i n a particu-l a r section by completing t h e associated review questions. A more detailed explanation o f this textbook’s unique features i s contained i n the section entitled “How t h e Textbook Works” starting o n page x. Regulations a n d Aeronautical Information T h e Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) a n d t h e Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) a r e included i n your student k i t material a s either a CD-ROM o r a printed manual. T o help y o u concentrate your study, a n F A R Study list is included along with F A R Exercises (and answers). The Aeronautical Information Manual includes t h e complete A I M with color graphics a n d the entire Pilot/Controller Glossary. IV
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Private Pilot Maneuvers Textbook This textbook uses colorful graphics and step-by-step procedure descriptions t o help y o u visualize and understand each maneuver which y o u will perform i n t h e aircraft. Additional guidance is provided through highlighted text which contains helpful hints, and F A A practical test standards. Private Pilot Syllabus The syllabus provides a basic framework f o r your training i n a logical sequence. Ground a n d flight lessons a r e coordinated t o ensure that your training progresses smoothly and that y o u a r e consistently introduced t o topics o n the ground prior to being required to apply that knowledge in the airplane. Private Pilot Maneuvers CD-ROMs These revolutionary CD-ROMs combine art, video, animation, a n d interactivity t o create a dynamic learning experience. From preflight inspection t o takeoffs a n d landings, y o u will learn h o w t o perform each maneuver step-by-step with a n instructor a s your guide. T h e Maneuvers CD-ROMs also examine safety a n d human factors issues, a s well a s provide y o u with a unique opportunity t o explore t h e world o f aviation i n a f u n a n d exciting n e w format. Support Materials I n addition t o the core study materials described above, a variety of support materials a r e available to further enhance your understanding o f pilot training subject matter. A brief description o f these resources i s provided below. Private Pilot Airmen Knowledge Test Guide This valuable study tool provides y o u with a l l the F A A questions which m a y b e included o n the Private Pilot computerized test. Answers a n d explanations f o r each question a r e provided t o allow y o u t o instantly check your understanding o f required material. Private Pilot Test Preparation Software T h e test preparation software, FliteSchool, i s a n interactive, multimedia tool designed t o help y o u prepare f o r the F A A computerized test. It contains information similar t o t h e Private Pilot Airmen Knowledge Test Guide with the added features o f question search, simulated test taking, and performance tracking. The software cross-references t h e Jeppesen Private Pilot Textbook a s well a s t h e FARs a n d AIM. Private Pilot Online Test Preparation This online program, known a s JeppPrep, allows y o u t o study F A A questions, review answers and explanations, and take sample tests that emulate t h e actual F A A Knowledge test. T h e question database is updated continuously with the latest F A A questions. Private Pilot Practical Test Study Guide This study a i d combines the requirements o f the FAA’s Practical Test Standards with background information o n each required task f o r t h e F A A practical test, including illustrations which show proper performance of maneuvers. Appropriate background information from Jeppesen Sanderson and F A A material i s cross-referenced throughout this study guide. Flight School Support Materials Flight schools which u s e t h e Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System may provide a variety o f additional resources and instructional support materials. Designed specifically t o provide y o u with a well administered, quality training program, Guided v INTRODUCTION PRIVATE PILOT TEXTBOOK
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PRIVATE PILOT TEXTBOOK Flight Discovery flight school support materials help foster a n environment which max-imizes your potential f o r understanding a n d comprehension o n your w a y t o becoming a fully competent pilot. Some o f these resources a r e described below. Private Pilot Video Series T h e Private Pilot Video Series on D V D is an integral part o f t h e Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System. T h e D V D menu follows t h e Jeppesen syllabus exactly, so you c a n jump directly to the lesson you a r e studying, or review lessons that need more work. This series provides y o u with a high quality video ground school, with quick a n d easy access t o basic aeronautical material and maneuvers analysis. T h e dynamic Private Pilot Video Series uses state-of-the-art graphics and animation, a s well a s dramatic aerial pho-tography to help easily explain complex ideas. PC-Based Aviation Training Device (PCATD) Flight schools may also provide access to a PC-based aviation training device. T h e PCATD i s designed specifically f o r pilot training a n d skill enhancement, a n d c a n b e a great tool f o r giving you a head start o n certain flight maneuvers. Instructor’s Guide The Instructor’s Guide i s available f o r u s e b y flight instructors a n d flight school opera-tors. The Instructor’s Guide helps flight training professionals effectively implement t h e Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System. Feeling comfortable with your grasp o f aviation concepts a n d your ability to apply them i s fundamental t o conducting safe a n d enjoyable flight operations. Historically, t h e majority o f problems which occur during flight c a n b e traced t o a pilot’s judgment and decision making. Aeronautical judgment is based primarily on the pilot’s ability to apply the knowledge which w a s learned during training a n d gained through experience. T h e information presented i n this textbook a n d t h e related Guided Flight Discovery materials is designed to provide y o u with the foundation o f knowledge a n d experience needed t o exercise good judgment a n d make sound decisions throughout your flying experience. INTRODUCTION VI
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Table o f Contents HOW T H E TEXTBOOK WORKS x PART I Š FUNDAMENTALS O F FLIGHT CHAPTER 1 DISCOVERING AVIATION SECTION A PILOT TRAINING 1 – 2 SECTION B AVIATION OPPORTUNITIES 1 – 2 4 SECTION C INTRODUCTION T O HUMAN FACTORS 1 – 5 1 CHAPTER 2 AIRPLANE SYSTEMS SECTION A AIRPLANES 2 – 2 SECTION B T H E POWERPLANT A N D RELATED SYSTEMS.2-1 4 SECTION C FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS.. 2 – 4 7 CHAPTER 3 AERODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES SECTION A FOUR FORCES O F FLIGHT 3 – 2 SECTION B STABILITY 3 – 2 2 SECTION C AERODYNAMICS O F MANEUVERING FLIGHT..3-46 PART I I Š FLIGHT OPERATIONS CHAPTER 4 T H E FLIGHT ENVIRONMENT SECTION A SAFETY O F FLIGHT 4 – 2 SECTION B AIRPORTS 4 – 1 6 SECTION C AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 4 – 4 0 SECTION D AIRSPACE 4 – 5 6 CHAPTER 5 COMMUNICATION A N D FLIGHT INFORMATION SECTION A R A D A R A N D A T C SERVICES 5 – 2 SECTION B RADIO PROCEDURES 5 – 1 8 SECTION C SOURCES O F FLIGHT I N F O R M A T I O N 5 – 3 7 PART I I I Š AVIATION WEATHER CHAPTER 6 METEOROLOGY F O R PILOTS SECTION A BASIC WEATHER THEORY 6 – 2 SECTION B WEATHER PATTERNS 6 – 1 6 SECTION C WEATHER HAZARDS 6 – 3 8 CHAPTER 7 INTERPRETING WEATHER DATA SECTION A T H E FORECASTING PROCESS 7 – 2 SECTION B PRINTED REPORTS A N D FORECASTS 7 – 1 0 SECTION C GRAPHIC WEATHER PRODUCTS 7 – 3 1 SECTION D SOURCES O F WEATHER I N F O R M A T I O N 7 – 4 4 VIII
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PART IV Š PERFORMANCE A N D NAVIGATION CHAPTER 8 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE SECTION A PREDICTING PERFORMANCE 8 – 2 SECTION B WEIGHT A N D BALANCE 8 – 2 9 SECTION C FLIGHT COMPUTERS 8 – 5 2 CHAPTER 9 NAVIGATION SECTION A P I L OTAGE A N D DEAD RECKONING 9 – 2 SECTION B V O R NAVIGATION 9 – 2 0 SECTION C A D F NAVIGATION 9 – 3 4 SECTION D ADVANCED NAVIGATION 9 – 4 7 PART V Š INTEGRATING PILOT KNOWLEDGE A N D SKILLS CHAPTER 1 0 APPLYING HUMAN FACTORS PRINCIPLES SECTION A AVIATION PHYSIOLOGY 1 0-2 SECTION B AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING 1 0-2 2 CHAPTER 1 1 FLYING CROSS-COUNTRY SECTION A T H E FLIGHT P L A N N I N G PROCESS 1 1-2 SECTION B T H E F L I G H T 1 1-15 APPENDICES APPENDIX A QUESTION ANSWERS A – 1 APPENDIX B ABBREVIATIONS B – 1 APPENDIX C GLOSSARY C – 1 QUESTION ANSWER BLANKS Q – 1 NOTAMS N – 1 INDEX I – 1 IX
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H o w t h e Textbook Works The Private Pilot Textbook i s structured t o highlight important topics a n d concepts a n d promote an effective a n d efficient study/review method o f learning. T o get t h e most o u t o f your textbook, as well a s the entire Guided Flight Discovery Pilot Training System, you may find i t beneficial to review the major design elements incorporated i n this text. Learning Objectives Learning objectives a r e provided a t t h e beginning o f each part t o help y o u focus o n important concepts. CHAPTER 3 AERODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES SECTION A 3 – 2 FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT SECTION B 3-22 STABILITY SECTION C 3-46 AERODYNAMICS OF MANEUVERING FLIGHT Cross-Reference Icon A cross-reference icon is included a t t h e beginning o f each chapter t o direct y o u t o the corresponding video which supports a n d expands o n introduced concepts a n d ideas. x
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XI SECTION C AERODYNAMICS O F MANEUVERING FLIGHT Full-Color Graphics T h e full-color graphics used throughout the text a r e carefully designed t o make difficult concepts easy t o understand. F A A Question Insets Information which relates directly t o F A A test questions appears i n tan insets. I n addi-tion to highlighting important concepts, the F A A Question Insets provide a good review tool when preparing f o r the Private Pilot computerized test. Human Element Insets Human Element Insets a r e presented i n Chapter 2 through Chapter 9 t o introduce t h e human factors aspect o f flight. T h e topics, which c a n range from physiology t c decision making, a r e presented with emphasis on flight related applications.
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