Student pilot: with valid medical certificate. PPL: Flight review every 24 calendar months. What are the currency requirements for carrying passengers? (61.57).
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What documents must you have with you to fly the airplane? (61.3) P ilot c ertificate, medical certificate , and government issued photo ID *as a student pilot, these documents in addition to your logbook (to show endorsements) are only required when acting as PIC (solo flight) What are your limitations as a student pilot ? (61.89 ) 1. No passengers 2. Cannot carry property for compensation or hire 3. Cannot fly in furtherance of a business 4. Cannot fly with a flight or surface visibility of less than 3sm during the day and 5sm at night and flight must be made with visual references to the surface. What privileges and limitations apply to private pilot? (61.113) (91.146) Privileges Act as PIC and carry passengers conduct search and rescue operations; fly for charitable, non – profit, or community event; act as an aircraft salesman if you have at least 200 hours. Limitations Cannot fly for hire; must pay no less than pro rata share Do you nee d to take your logbook with you? (61.51) Only as a solo student pilot on a cross country flight What type of pilot certificate do you have? Does it expire? (61.19) Under 40, a s tudent pilot certificate expires after 60 calendar months Over 40 it expires after 24 calendar months PPL, CPL, CFI, Ground Instructors, and ATP certificates are issued without an expiration date.
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How do we keep our pilot certificate current? (61.56, 61.57) Student pilot: with valid medical certificate PPL: Flight review every 24 calendar months What are the currency requirements for carrying passengers? (61.57) 3 take offs and landings within the preceding 90 days in an aircraft of the same category, class and type if required. At night, these 3 landings must be made to a full stop. Night definition? When can you perform required night landings? ( 1.1, 61.57) Night = the time between evening civil twilight and morning civil twilight Night landings can be logged 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise . How long is a medical certificate valid for? (61.23) Under 40 40 and Older
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What documents should be in the aircraft before flight? ARROW ( 91.9, 91.203) A irworthiness Certificate R egistration R adio License (required for international flight) O perating Limitations (found in the POH) W eight and Balance equipment list When will an aircraft registration certificate expire? (PHAK 8 – 6) 3 years Which weight and balance information must be in the aircraft, the one on th e t akeoff data card or the one in the airplane flight manual? Updated weight and balance equipment list in the AFM With respect to the certification, privileges, and limitations of airmen, what do category, class, and type mean? (61.5) Category : Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter – Than – Air etc. Class: Single Engine Land/Sea, Multi Engine Land/Sea
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Type: specific to aircraft only required for aircraft with a max gross weight equal or greater than 12,500lbs, turbojet, or any aircraft specified by the FAA to require one (61.31) If a pilot chan ges his permanent mailing address, how long can the pilot continue to exercise the privileges of their pilot certificate without notifying the FAA? (61.60) 30 days Airworthiness Considerations Does an Airworthiness Certificate ever expire? Not as long as inspections are kept up to date and manufacturer’s original design is adhered to Does the POH meet the requirement of having an AFM ? (PHAK 8 – 2) Yes. The POH for most light aircraft built after 1975 is also the FAA designated AFM. Who says we have to follo w the POH? (91.9) FAR 91.9 Who is responsible for ensuring an aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition? (91.403) The owner/operator Discuss AVIATES . Required Inspections A nnual every 12 calendar months (91.409) V OR every 30 days for IFR (91.171)
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When does an ELT battery have to be replaced or recharged? (91.207) Calendar Months Hour Cumulative Use Half of Battery Life ATOMATOFLAMES (91.205b) A ltimeter T achometer O il temperature gauge M agnetic compass A irspeed Indicator T emperature g auge ( for liquid cooled engines) O il pressure F uel quantity g auge L anding gear position i ndicator (for retractable landing gear) A nti – collision l ights Aviation red or white (e.g. red rotating beacon or white strobes) M anifold p ressure gauge (for airplanes with a constant speed propeller) E LT .5 1 12
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S eatbelts How about if you were to fly tonight? FLAPS (91.205c) F uses 3 of each kind or 1 complete set L anding light if airplane is being flown for hire (including flight training) A nti – c ollision lights P osition l ights Also called navigation lights red on the left side, green on the right and white on the tail S ource of e lectricity Battery or alternator What would you do if you found that the landing light was inoperative? (91.213) Cannot fly at night per the FARs During the day you would deactivate or remove the component and placard it inoperative (deactivating could be as simple as pulling the circuit breaker out) Can you fly an airplane with known inoperative equipment? Yes, i f it is not in cluded in 91.205 and it has been deactivated/removed and placarded inoperative What is a Minimum Equipment List? (PHAK 8 – 9) An FAA approved list of equipment that can be inoperative Do we have one? What do we have? No. We adhere to the regulations in 91.205 and 91.213 (d) Can an aircraft owner change an MEL? If a change is sought, a letter and a proposed MEL that is based off of the Master MEL must be sent to the FAA for approval
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Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems (anti – servo tab) How is lift created? (PHAK 3 – 4 ) Newton’s 3 rd law – Airfoi ls accelerate airflow downward. The equal and opposite reaction as described by Newton forces the airfoil upwards. Bernoulli’s Principle As the velocity of a fluid or gas increases the pressure decreases. H igh speed air over the upper surface creates low pressure area while comparatively low er speed air beneath the wing creates hig h pressure which produces an upwards force that contributes to the total lift. Explain the different types of drag. Parasite in creases with speed Some types of parasite drag include form, skin friction, and interference drag. Form drag is caused by the shape of the aircraft and the airflow around it. Anything that sticks of from the fuselage as well as the fuselage itself contributes to this (e.g. antennas, pitot mast, engine cowling) Skin friction drag is caused by air slowing down as it moves across the surface of the aircraft. Rivets, dirt, or anything that makes the surface less smooth adds to this type of drag. Interfe rence drag is caused by intersecting airstreams from different parts of the aircraft. Take , for example, the area where the wing is attached to the fuselage. Since the wing accelerates the relative wind, this airstream will be relatively faster than the wi nd moving over the fuselage. When these two airstreams meet, turbulent eddies form and this produces drag. Induced byproduct of lift , decreases with speed
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