Pipe and Fitting Association, and representatives from numerous piping and fitting Figure 6.1 – PEX Pipes in a Trunk and Branch System Design.
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DESIGN GUIDE Residential PEX Water Supply Plumbing Systems Prepared for Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc (PPI) 105 Decker Court Suite 825 Irving, TX 75062 www.plasticpipe.org and Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) 800 Roosevelt Road, Bldg. C, Ste. 312 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 www.ppfahome.org and Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing 451 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20410 www.pathnet.org Prepared by NAHB Research Center, Inc. 400 Prince George™s Boulevard Upper Marlboro, MD 20774 www.nahbrc.org November 2006 This document was developed as the result of a consensus process involving the Plastic Pipe Institute, the Plastic and Plastic NAHB Research Center, with support and research from the Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH).
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Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following principal contributors to this Guide: Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association Glen Ellyn, Illinois Richard Church, Mike Cudahy Plastics Pipe Institute Irving, Texas Camille Rubeiz Rehau Inc. Leesburg, Virginia Lance MacNevin Uponor Apple Valley, Minnesota Randy Knapp Vanguard Piping Systems McPherson, Kansas Gary Morgan Viega Wichita, Kansas Christina Smith WattsRadiant Chris Haldiman Zurn Plumbing Products Group Commerce, Texas Gary Runyan Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Washington D.C. Dana Bres NAHB Research Center Upper Marlboro, Maryland Robert Fuller, Michael Grothe, Megan Inouye, Shawn Martin, Joseph Wiehagen. Anne Holtz and Kim Warren for editorial review, and Edith Crane and Pam Eggleston for layout and design. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) and the material support of the Delta Faucet Company. Copyright Copyright © 2006 NAHB Research Center, Inc., Plastics Pipe Institute, Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association. All rights reserved. Disclaimer Neither the NAHB Research Center, Inc, the Plastics Pipe Institute, the Plastic Pipe and Fitting Association, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, nor any person acting in its behalf, makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this publication or that such use may not infringe privately owned rights, or assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this publication, or is responsible for statements made or opinions expressed by individual authors. For Further Information: Please consult the following websites for the latest version of this publication. Plastics Pipe Institute http://www.plasticpipe.org/ Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association http://www.ppfahome.org/ ToolBase.org http://www.toolbase.org/
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Table of Contents˜ Chapter 1 Œ INTRODUCTION .. 1Objective .1Background 1Applications 3How to Use the Design Guide ..3Chapter 2 Œ ADVANTAGES . 5Ease of Installation 5Durability .5Cost Effectiveness 5 5Noise Reduction 6Water Conservation ..6Environmentally Sound .6Chapter 3 Œ MATERIAL PROPERTIES . 7Temperature and Pressure 8Flexibility ..8Noise and Water Hammer Resistance 8Resistance to Freeze Damage .9Chlorine Resistance 9Corrosion Resistance 10 Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance . 10 Inert Material Œ Safe for Drinking Water ..11 PEX Piping Dimensions and Flow Characteristics ..11 Chapter 4 Œ CODE ACCEPTANCE . 15 International Residential Code (IRC-2003) ..15 International Plumbing Code (IPC 2003) 16 National Standard Plumbing Code (NSPC 2003) 17 Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC-2003) 17 International Code Council (ICC) Evaluation Service Reports (ESR) and Evaluation Reports (ER) .17 (IAPMO) Guide Criteria 18 C904-06 American Waterworks Association (ANSI/AWWA C904-06) . 18 Chapter 5 Œ JOINING METHODS 19 Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforced Rings . 20 Cold Expansion Fittings with Metal Compression Sleeves .. 20 Metal or Plastic Insert Fittings .21 Copper Crimp Ring .21 Stainless Steel Clamp 22 Stainless Steel Sleeve . 22 Push Type Fittings . 23 24 Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing 24
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Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for Use with Cross- Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing .. 24 Fittings with Metal Compression Sleeves for Use with PEX Pipe . 24 Clamps for Securing SDR9 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing to Metal Insert Fittings 24 Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing 25 Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring for SDR9 PEX Tubing and SDR9 PEX-AL-PEX Tubing .. 25 IAPMO ΠIGC 188 : Removable and Non-Removable Push Fit Fittings .. 25 ASSE Standard Π1061 .. 25 Chapter 6 ΠTYPES OF PEX PLUMBING SYSTEMS .. 27 Trunk and Branch 28 Home-Run .. 29 Remote Manifold 30 Chapter 7 ΠDESIGN .. 31 Consult Local Codes ..31 Optimize Home Designs .. 32 Select Piping System Design . 33 General Rankings of the Systems for Key Factors 34 Example Layouts 35 Colonial Layout . 36 Ranch Layout .. 39 Townhouse Layout . 42 Condominium Layout .. 45 .. 48 Industry Technical Support .. 48 Plan Pipe Routing, Manifold, and Valve Locations .. 48 Chapter 8 ΠPERFORMANCE DATA .. 51 System Performance Comparison 51 Test System Design and Set-up ..51 Plumbing System Pressure and Flow Test Results . 54 Wait Time for Hot Water ..61 Test Summary . 62 Chapter 9 ΠINSTALLATION .. 63 Important Notice . 63 Revision Policy . 64
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Joining Procedures utilizing ASTM F 2080 Fittings and Compression Sleeves 84 Summary .. 84 Procedure 84 Other Fitting Systems 85 Chapter 10 Œ TESTIMONIALS 87 Chapter 11 Œ OTHER APPLICATIONS . 91 Radiant Floor Heating Systems ..91 Municipal Water Service Pipe ..91 Snow and Ice Melt 92 Turf Conditioning . 92 Fire Suppression .. 93 Appendix A Œ PERFORMANCE TEST SETUP AND DATA .. 95 Appendix B Œ INSTALLATION CHECKLIST . 105 Appendix C Œ RESOURCES 107 Articles and Reports 107 Manufacturers™ Information 111 Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Technical Notes 113 GLOSSARY 115
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List of Figures˜ Figure 5.1 Œ Cold Expansion Polymer Fitting with PEX Reinforced Ring 20 Figure 5.2 Œ Cold Expansion Metal Fitting with PEX Reinforced Ring.. 20 Figure 5.3 Œ Cold Expansion Fitting with Metal Compression Sleeve 20 Figure 5.4 Œ Metal Insert Fitting with Copper Crimp Ring . 21 Figure 5.5 Œ Plastic Insert Fitting with Copper Crimp Ring 21 Figure 5.6 Œ Metal Insert Fitting with O-rings and Copper Crimp Ring.. 21 Figure 5.7 Œ Metal Insert Fitting with Stainless Steel Clamp Band 22 Figure 5.8 Œ Metal Insert Fitting with Stainless Steel Clamp Sleeve. 22 Figure 5.9 Œ Metal Insert Fitting with Stainless Steel Press Sleeve 22 Figure 5.10 Œ Push Type Fitting 23 Figure 6.1 Œ PEX Pipes in a Trunk and Branch System Design. 28 Figure 6.2 Œ PEX Pipes in a Home-Run Design. 29 Figure 6.3 Œ PEX Pipes in a Remote Manifold Design 30 Figure 7.1 Œ Trunk and Branch Isometric Riser for the Colonial House 37 Figure 7.2 Œ Home-Run Isometric Riser for the Colonial House . 37 Figure 7.3 Œ Remote Manifold Isometric Riser for the Colonial House . 38 Figure 7.4 Œ Trunk and Branch Isometric Riser for the Ranch House . 40 Figure 7.5 Œ Home-Run Isometric Riser for the Ranch House .. 40 Figure 7.6 Œ Remote Manifold Isometric Riser for the Ranch House 41 Figure 7.7 Œ Trunk and Branch Isometric Riser for the Townhouse .. 43 Figure 7.8 Œ Home-Run Isometric Riser for the Townhouse .. 43 Figure 7.9 Œ Remote Manifold Isometric Riser for the Townhouse 44 Figure 7.10 Œ Trunk and Branch Isometric Riser for the Condominium . 46 Figure 7.11 Œ Home-Run Isometric Riser for the Condominium .. 46 Figure 7.12 Œ Remote Manifold Isometric Riser for the Condominium .. 47 Figure 8.1 Œ Fixture Layout for Laboratory Testing.. 52 Figure 8.2 Œ Laboratory Test Set-up with Five Outlets, Hot Water Tank, and T&B System . 53 Figure 8.3 Œ The Test Fixture (Shower) with Flow and Pressure Sensors Installed. 53 Figure 8.4 Œ Pressure Drop Comparison, 100™ Distance to TF .. 60 Figure 8.5 Œ Pressure Drop Comparison, 60™ Distance to TF . 60 Figure 8.6 Œ Comparison of Hot Water Delivery Time 61 Figure 11.1 Œ Radiant Floor Heating Piping 91 Figure 11.2 Œ Snow and Ice Melt Piping for a Driveway 92 Figure 11.3 Œ Turf Conditioning in a Stadium.. 92 Figure 11.4 Œ Fire Sprinkler with PEX Piping 93 Figure A.1 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Trunk and Branch, 60™ to TF 95 Figure A.2 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Trunk and Branch, 100™ to TF 96 Figure A.3 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Home-Run, 60™ to TF. 96 Figure A.4 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Home-Run, 100™ to TF.. 97 Figure A.5 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Remote Manifolds, 60™ to TF 97 Figure A.6 Œ Water System Test Piping Layout Œ Remote Manifolds, 100™ to TF 98
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110 List of Tables˜ Table 3.1 Œ PEX Pipe Dimensions.11 Table 3.2 Œ Flow Velocity.12 Table 3.3 Œ Pressure Loss 13 Table 7.1 Œ General Rankings of the System Characteristics .. 34 Table 7.2 Œ Fixture Count for each House Type. 35 Table 7.3 Œ Fixture Summary for the Colonial House 36 Table 7.4 Œ Material Summary for the Colonial House . 36 Table 7.5 Œ Fixture Summary for the Ranch House . 39 Table 7.6 Œ Material Summary for the Ranch House .. 39 Table 7.7 Œ Fixture Summary for the Townhouse . 42 Table 7.8 Œ Material Summary for the Townhouse .. 42 Table 7.9 Œ Fixture Summary for the Condominium .. 45 Table 7.10 Œ Material Summary for the Condominium . 45 Table 8.1 Œ Plumbing Fixtures Installed in the Test Plumbing System 54 Table 8.2 Œ Pressure and Flow Test Regime 54 Table 8.3 Œ TF Flow and Pressure Data for Each System 55 Table 8.4 Œ Simultaneous Flow Performance Data Œ 100™ Maximum Length, 40 psi Source Pressure . 56 Table 8.5 Œ Simultaneous Flow Performance Data Œ 60™ Maximum Length, 40 psi Source Pressure 58 Table 8.6 Œ Performance Summary, 100™ Maximum Distance. 62 Table A.1 Œ Simultaneous Flow Performance Data Œ 100™ Maximum Length, 60 and 80 psi Source Pressure .. 98 Table A.2 Œ Simultaneous Flow Performance Data Œ 60™ Maximum Length, 60 and 80 psi Source Pressure 101
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10 1INTRODUCTION Objective This Design Guide provides the information and resources necessary to design and install cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) water supply systems in residential buildings. It includes comprehensive design concepts and installation guidelines to increase the acceptance and proper use of PEX. This document is targeted to meet the needs of home builders, designers, and trade contractors. Its purpose is to introduce potential users to PEX and to enable current users to optimize their PEX plumbing and minimize system costs. In addition, it will allow code inspectors and homeowners to become familiar with the applications, performance Background a variety of applications. PEX has a 30-year history of successful use in the European market for domestic water distribution systems. It is approved for potable hot and cold water supply systems as well as hydronic heating systems in all model plumbing and mechanical codes across the United States and Canada. The comparison of PEX to polybutylene piping (PB) appears to be a major obstacle to more robust and reliable than those used for PB. A result of modern polymer technology, PEX piping performs in ways that provide superior reliability, durability, and safety. Also, current testing requirements for PEX are much more stringent than when PB piping was accepted and installed in housing. 1
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